The figures for Straight edge theory were deliberately set up so that the reader could instantly test the radial lines for themselves right on the printed page, thus bypassing the need to be either convinced or unconvinced by any scholarly argument or argument from authority. Prior to these studies, all writers in anthropology - without exception - have referred to the lines on Bilzingsleben Artifact 2 (far left artifact in Fig. 2), for instance, as "parallel" lines. The straight edge test shows that the lines are, in fact, "radial," referenced to a point well away from the artifact itself.

        The straight edge engravings from Bilzingsleben are securely dated 320,000-412,000 years old and show that just because an engraved line is ancient we can no longer simply assume that it was necessarily done freehand. Resistance to straight edge theory, especially in this year of Darwin, is due in large part to the fact that use of a straight edge is proof of unambiguously sophisticated behavior. In and of itself, and without need of any other evidence except its already-established association with the remains of Homo erectus, use of a straight edge demonstrates completely modern intelligence 400,000 years ago. In other words, straight edge theory demonstrates that there has been no change whatsoever in human cognitive ability for at least 400,000 years.

        The final proofs of straight edge use by Homo erectus were presented at the XVth UISPP Congress in Lisbon, September 7, 2006 during the Pleistocene Palaeoart of the World session in a program called The Graphics of Bilzingsleben. Censorship of these uncontested final proofs began within one week of the Congress. The data, which has been studied by scientists in every field (archaeology, psychology, neuroscience, linguistics), as well as by engineers in Europe, the United States, and Australia, has been held back from the public for two and a half years while those who have had privileged access to the data have been quickly altering their publication course both online and in print without citing Musings on the Palaeolithic fan motif or its follow-up, The Graphics of Bilzingsleben.

How straight edge use by Homo erectus proves early language and representation:         Any line engraved with the aid of a straight edge is directly symbolic of the straight edge itself, being a "representation" of the edge.         Additional support is offered by the two duplicated motifs discussed below. While apparently referring to each other visually, they each also refer to the exact same "external" object or concept, namely, the straight edge.

2.) 'The earliest motif duplicated on two separate artifacts.' These two duplicated radial motifs represent the first unambiguous geometric and linguistic proof of early language (Fig. 3, left). Duplicated motifs such as written or spoken words or even agreed-upon symbols are the hallmark of language.

Prior to recognizing these two motifs as either duplicates or variations of each other, most proponents of early language used unrelated references to "infer" language in early peoples. For example, "If they could get from here to there then they must have had language," or "If they had the right vocal tract or the right genetic traits, they probably had a simple language." 

The geometric association between these two motifs and similar associations between other motifs at Bilzingsleben were fully demonstrated with final and unambiguous visual proofs at the XVth UISPP Congress in the program, The Graphics of Bilzingsleben, the dat of which has been held back from publication since 2006.

3.) 'Representation of angles theory.' Angles represented in the bone engravings from Bilzingsleben are shown to revolve around those angles which, beyond any doubt, are most commonly observed by human beings both past and present, namely, those of the outstretched human hand (Fig. 6, right). The point is made that the engravings do not necessarily represent the human hand per se but rather an awareness of the abstract concept of angles inspired by constant exposure to the human hand. It is suggested that signs of abstraction in the archaeological record (such as an awareness of angles) may say more about the intellectual capabilities of early people than the more quickly-recognized forms of iconic representation or images that clearly represent other things by way of a visual likeness.

In the paper's Fig. 1, it was demonstrated by way of abundant physical evidence from the archaeological record that one of the first patterns to greatly interest early humans was the radial motif, otherwise known as the fan motif. The radial motif was not only engraved on bone and rock by early humans and painted on cave walls and ceilings but also collected ready-made in the form of fossils and shells. See also, The Impact of Fossils on the Development of Visual Representation.